ثالثا: المصادر الأجنبية
١ - Bloomfield (Leonard) «Language» ,London ١٩٦٢.
٢ -Brockelmann: «GechichteDerArbi shchen Litteratur» ,Brill ,١٩٣٨.
٣ -DeSaussure (Fedenand) : «Course In General Linguistics» , Translated from the French by: WadeBaiskin, NewYork.
٤ - The Encyclopaedia Britanica.
٥ - The Encyclopaedia of Islam.
٦ - Jespersen (Otto) : «Language: Its Nature Development and Origin» , London, ١٩٥٩.
٧ - Sapir (Edward) : «Language: An Introduction to the study of Speech.